Nenikikamen (We have won)
Record:
In 499 BC the cities of Ionia such as Miletus and Halicarnassus revolted against the Persian occupation forces. Athens responded to Aristagoras' call for support with 20 ships and Eretria with 5 ships. At first the revolution was successful but later Darius I suppressed it and punished the revolutionaries. The participation of the Athenians angered him so much that he shot an arrow into the sky and vowed revenge. In order not to forget them, he ordered a servant to say to him every night at dinner time the well-known, "Despota memnison (remember) of the Athenians."
So in 492 BC the great king sent his son-in-law Mardonius with thousands of soldiers and hundreds of ships. The expeditionary force, however, encountered a severe storm while sailing around the Cape of Athos. 20,000 men and 300 ships were lost in the turbulent seas. This great destruction of the Persian armada forced Mardonius to return, aborting the campaign.
In the summer of 490 BC after he was not given the land and water he asked for, Darius sent a new expeditionary force. With Artaphernes the general and Datis the admiral he passed through Samos to Naxos and Delos sowing destruction and then arrived at Eretria. The siege of the city lasted six days, and after it was captured by treachery, it was set on fire, the inhabitants massacred, and those who survived were loaded into ships as slaves.
Arrival at Marathon:
The adviser of the expedition was the exiled tyrant of Athens Hippias, who, hoping for the assistance of old followers and friends, indicated Marathon as the most suitable place of disembarkation. His purpose was to lure the army with the leaders out of the city and in their absence, his followers would rise up and take it. His advice was heeded, and after approaching the islet of Aegileii (Styra) and disembarking the prisoners together with a number of soldiers to guard them, the Persian fleet approached Schinias. Datis beached the ships on the shore and landed Infantry and Cavalry at a distance of 40 kilometers from Athens.
to edit.
Record:
In 499 BC the cities of Ionia such as Miletus and Halicarnassus revolted against the Persian occupation forces. Athens responded to Aristagoras' call for support with 20 ships and Eretria with 5 ships. At first the revolution was successful but later Darius I suppressed it and punished the revolutionaries. The participation of the Athenians angered him so much that he shot an arrow into the sky and vowed revenge. In order not to forget them, he ordered a servant to say to him every night at dinner time the well-known, "Despota memnison (remember) of the Athenians."
So in 492 BC the great king sent his son-in-law Mardonius with thousands of soldiers and hundreds of ships. The expeditionary force, however, encountered a severe storm while sailing around the Cape of Athos. 20,000 men and 300 ships were lost in the turbulent seas. This great destruction of the Persian armada forced Mardonius to return, aborting the campaign.
In the summer of 490 BC after he was not given the land and water he asked for, Darius sent a new expeditionary force. With Artaphernes the general and Datis the admiral he passed through Samos to Naxos and Delos sowing destruction and then arrived at Eretria. The siege of the city lasted six days, and after it was captured by treachery, it was set on fire, the inhabitants massacred, and those who survived were loaded into ships as slaves.
Arrival at Marathon:
The adviser of the expedition was the exiled tyrant of Athens Hippias, who, hoping for the assistance of old followers and friends, indicated Marathon as the most suitable place of disembarkation. His purpose was to lure the army with the leaders out of the city and in their absence, his followers would rise up and take it. His advice was heeded, and after approaching the islet of Aegileii (Styra) and disembarking the prisoners together with a number of soldiers to guard them, the Persian fleet approached Schinias. Datis beached the ships on the shore and landed Infantry and Cavalry at a distance of 40 kilometers from Athens.
to edit.
Terrain morphology:
A plain 10 km long and 3 km wide. Its edges are covered by flooded marshes, while a pine forest extends in the north-eastern part, in the narrow strip between the marsh and the coast. The commander-in-chief Artafernis sets up his headquarters near today's Kato Souli.
The multitude of the Medes:(Percians)
There are various opinions as to the number of the numerous Persian force.
According to Herodotus, the Persian fleet had 600 triremes. Simonides Keios writes that the Persians had 200,000 soldiers. Cornelius Nepos speaks of 200,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry. Plutarch, Pausanias and the dictionary "Suda", speak of 300,000 soldiers. Plato and Lysias for 500,000. Justin for 600,000.
According to modern historians, the Persians had from twenty to one hundred thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry.
Of course, this last one is out of nowhere. It is not possible for the pantocrators of the time to start a campaign at the end of their empire with only 20,000 hoplites, since they had countless. In addition to their own large army, their subjects were obliged to participate in such activities with soldiers, ships and supplies.
If we accept as true the information of Herodotus (484-425 BC) about 600 ships "more than six hundred and three days" in the book of Erato 95, we can make some arbitrary logical calculations:
A reasonable distribution is 500 gunships, 50 cavalry and 50 trucks.
Each trireme (=ship of the time) could carry up to 200 men. With a minimum crew of 80, it could carry up to 120 infantry hoplites, i.e. 500 x 120 = 60,000 hoplites. In the 50 horse carriages of about 30 horse capacity with their riders augmented by a third as auxiliary personnel, a total of 2,000 cavalry soldiers at least.
Adding the crews of the ships with a minimum number of 80 men per trireme and 30 men for the other vessels, we arrive at 500 x 80 = 40,000 and 100 x 30 = 3,000, a total of 43,000 sailors. That is, an expeditionary force of 103,000 men.
The preparation:
The Athenians were informed the same day and immediately sent the navigator Pheidippides to Sparta to ask for help (he ran 220 km in 48 hours).
The alternatives available are:
a) to wait for the Persians in Athens and repel them under siege through the walls,
b) to wait for them and repel them at the Pallini pass (15 km distance), or
c) to face them on the open plain of Marathon.
They choose the latter and start the same day. The next morning they reach the valley of Avlona and encamp under the Agriliki hill of Penteli south of the Haradros torrent.
Each of the ten Athenian tribes participated as they had an obligation with 1,000 soldiers and a general. Total Athenian army 10,000 hoplites. Slaves participated in this army for the first time, who were freed to have the right to participate. But apart from the ten tribes of the Athenians, no other forces are mentioned anywhere and by any history. It is not mentioned e.g. that the ten tribes of the Athenians participated with 1,000 soldiers each and the slaves with "X" soldiers. From this it can be concluded with certainty that the freed citizens were now included in the units of the Athenian tribes.
Shortly after their arrival, a force of 1,000 men arrived from Plataea. The Lacedaemonians did not come because religion did not allow them to campaign for war before the full moon, that is, before six days had passed.
A plain 10 km long and 3 km wide. Its edges are covered by flooded marshes, while a pine forest extends in the north-eastern part, in the narrow strip between the marsh and the coast. The commander-in-chief Artafernis sets up his headquarters near today's Kato Souli.
The multitude of the Medes:(Percians)
There are various opinions as to the number of the numerous Persian force.
According to Herodotus, the Persian fleet had 600 triremes. Simonides Keios writes that the Persians had 200,000 soldiers. Cornelius Nepos speaks of 200,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry. Plutarch, Pausanias and the dictionary "Suda", speak of 300,000 soldiers. Plato and Lysias for 500,000. Justin for 600,000.
According to modern historians, the Persians had from twenty to one hundred thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry.
Of course, this last one is out of nowhere. It is not possible for the pantocrators of the time to start a campaign at the end of their empire with only 20,000 hoplites, since they had countless. In addition to their own large army, their subjects were obliged to participate in such activities with soldiers, ships and supplies.
If we accept as true the information of Herodotus (484-425 BC) about 600 ships "more than six hundred and three days" in the book of Erato 95, we can make some arbitrary logical calculations:
A reasonable distribution is 500 gunships, 50 cavalry and 50 trucks.
Each trireme (=ship of the time) could carry up to 200 men. With a minimum crew of 80, it could carry up to 120 infantry hoplites, i.e. 500 x 120 = 60,000 hoplites. In the 50 horse carriages of about 30 horse capacity with their riders augmented by a third as auxiliary personnel, a total of 2,000 cavalry soldiers at least.
Adding the crews of the ships with a minimum number of 80 men per trireme and 30 men for the other vessels, we arrive at 500 x 80 = 40,000 and 100 x 30 = 3,000, a total of 43,000 sailors. That is, an expeditionary force of 103,000 men.
The preparation:
The Athenians were informed the same day and immediately sent the navigator Pheidippides to Sparta to ask for help (he ran 220 km in 48 hours).
The alternatives available are:
a) to wait for the Persians in Athens and repel them under siege through the walls,
b) to wait for them and repel them at the Pallini pass (15 km distance), or
c) to face them on the open plain of Marathon.
They choose the latter and start the same day. The next morning they reach the valley of Avlona and encamp under the Agriliki hill of Penteli south of the Haradros torrent.
Each of the ten Athenian tribes participated as they had an obligation with 1,000 soldiers and a general. Total Athenian army 10,000 hoplites. Slaves participated in this army for the first time, who were freed to have the right to participate. But apart from the ten tribes of the Athenians, no other forces are mentioned anywhere and by any history. It is not mentioned e.g. that the ten tribes of the Athenians participated with 1,000 soldiers each and the slaves with "X" soldiers. From this it can be concluded with certainty that the freed citizens were now included in the units of the Athenian tribes.
Shortly after their arrival, a force of 1,000 men arrived from Plataea. The Lacedaemonians did not come because religion did not allow them to campaign for war before the full moon, that is, before six days had passed.
In the council of the 10 Athenian generals (each day one alternately commanded the army) there was division. Half of them considered that they were not enough to attack, while the other half, with Miltiades as their spokesman, insisted on attacking immediately. The solution in cases of a tie was given by the vote of the Warlord. It was a title equal to the Generals held by Aphidnaeus Callimachus. After the speech addressed to him by Miltiadis, he also voted in favor of the attack.
Every night the Athenians approached the Persian camp. From the evening of September 16, the Athenians find that the Persians have begun to load the cavalry and armed forces onto the ships. On the morning of the 17th having reached a distance of 1500 meters, at sunrise 06:00, Miltiadis orders an attack.
Opponents Lineup:
The Persians, who always line up with a depth of 30 men (according to Xenophon in Kyros Paideia), create with those who had not boarded the ships forces, a front line of 1,600 meters. They always strengthened their center by placing in this sector of the front the powerful warriors Persians and Sakas, in a greater depth of men, with weakening of the extremities. Miltiades knew this because in the past, when he was still governor in the Dardanelles, the region had submitted to the great King and he had been forced to follow the Persians in the campaign against the Scythians. He tried to counter this tactic by implementing a brilliant new war plan.
The Greeks, a total of 11,000, had to cover a front of 1,600 meters. Miltiadis implemented the Lavida plan. He weakened the center by placing on a front of 500 meters the Leontian tribe led by Themistocles and the Antiochian tribe led by Aristides at a depth of 4 men, reinforcing the edges 500+500 with a depth of 8 men. At the left end he placed the Plataeans who lengthened the front by 125 meters while at the right end Honorary Warlord Callimachus as usual. They have no cavalry or archers.
The battle:
The Persians at the time of the battle also had no cavalry since they had been loaded onto the ships. With the order of Miltiades, the Greeks start in a phalanx with a quick step, like a wall of shields, with the hymn of the paean "Ye children of the Greeks, free your country, free your child, wife, gods and fathers here, the case of your ancestors, now in favor anyway the race!" to echo across the plain.
Reaching the range of the Persian bows (150m) they began to run like mad to avoid their shots, falling headlong into the surprised Persian front.
A fierce battle ensues from the cluster with the Persians at a disadvantage, because they were trained mainly in distance combat and carried light weapons, while they had no armor capable of protecting them.
The center of the Greeks with 2,000 soldiers retreats in an orderly fashion to the reaction of the corresponding enemy front of 15,000 plus men. However, the Greek wings of the missing Persian cavalry advance in a double hypercorneral maneuver, defeating their opponents. Those of them who escape death rush to the ships. Then instead of pursuing the retreaters, they return and hook, circling the center of the Persian front. With their heavy weaponry suitable for hand-to-hand combat, the yaches and the paean, they create panic and confusion by decimating the enemy forces, who also break up and turn to the ships. In this retreat the great battle took place. Some drowned in the marshes, some were killed trying to escape through the pine forest, and some others fell on the beach trying to board the ships. At this point the Greeks also suffered the greatest losses. There Cynaigerus (brother of Aeschylus), the general Callimachus, the general Stesilaus and many others were killed, while seven ships were captured.
The result:
Greek triumph. The whole battle lasted about two to two and a half hours, with dead 6,400 Persians from one camp and 192 Athenians plus 11 Plataeans from the other, as Herodotus (484-425 BC) writes.
Every night the Athenians approached the Persian camp. From the evening of September 16, the Athenians find that the Persians have begun to load the cavalry and armed forces onto the ships. On the morning of the 17th having reached a distance of 1500 meters, at sunrise 06:00, Miltiadis orders an attack.
Opponents Lineup:
The Persians, who always line up with a depth of 30 men (according to Xenophon in Kyros Paideia), create with those who had not boarded the ships forces, a front line of 1,600 meters. They always strengthened their center by placing in this sector of the front the powerful warriors Persians and Sakas, in a greater depth of men, with weakening of the extremities. Miltiades knew this because in the past, when he was still governor in the Dardanelles, the region had submitted to the great King and he had been forced to follow the Persians in the campaign against the Scythians. He tried to counter this tactic by implementing a brilliant new war plan.
The Greeks, a total of 11,000, had to cover a front of 1,600 meters. Miltiadis implemented the Lavida plan. He weakened the center by placing on a front of 500 meters the Leontian tribe led by Themistocles and the Antiochian tribe led by Aristides at a depth of 4 men, reinforcing the edges 500+500 with a depth of 8 men. At the left end he placed the Plataeans who lengthened the front by 125 meters while at the right end Honorary Warlord Callimachus as usual. They have no cavalry or archers.
The battle:
The Persians at the time of the battle also had no cavalry since they had been loaded onto the ships. With the order of Miltiades, the Greeks start in a phalanx with a quick step, like a wall of shields, with the hymn of the paean "Ye children of the Greeks, free your country, free your child, wife, gods and fathers here, the case of your ancestors, now in favor anyway the race!" to echo across the plain.
Reaching the range of the Persian bows (150m) they began to run like mad to avoid their shots, falling headlong into the surprised Persian front.
A fierce battle ensues from the cluster with the Persians at a disadvantage, because they were trained mainly in distance combat and carried light weapons, while they had no armor capable of protecting them.
The center of the Greeks with 2,000 soldiers retreats in an orderly fashion to the reaction of the corresponding enemy front of 15,000 plus men. However, the Greek wings of the missing Persian cavalry advance in a double hypercorneral maneuver, defeating their opponents. Those of them who escape death rush to the ships. Then instead of pursuing the retreaters, they return and hook, circling the center of the Persian front. With their heavy weaponry suitable for hand-to-hand combat, the yaches and the paean, they create panic and confusion by decimating the enemy forces, who also break up and turn to the ships. In this retreat the great battle took place. Some drowned in the marshes, some were killed trying to escape through the pine forest, and some others fell on the beach trying to board the ships. At this point the Greeks also suffered the greatest losses. There Cynaigerus (brother of Aeschylus), the general Callimachus, the general Stesilaus and many others were killed, while seven ships were captured.
The result:
Greek triumph. The whole battle lasted about two to two and a half hours, with dead 6,400 Persians from one camp and 192 Athenians plus 11 Plataeans from the other, as Herodotus (484-425 BC) writes.
The sequel and the end:
It is still morning, around 09:00. A messenger takes off running with his weapons and in a few hours arrives in Athens. Exhausted, he announces the joyful news "Nenikikamen" and collapses. In memory of this event, the Marathon road was established and included in the Olympic events.
The Persians have now boarded their ships and are sailing south. After approaching the islet of Aegileii again, they pick up the captured Eretrians and leave to catch Athens unprotected. Miltiades realizes the maneuver.
He leaves behind the most tired, the fighters in the center, the men of Themistocles and Aristides to take care of the dead, to treat the wounded and to guard the loot. The rest with a quick step start to return. In the afternoon just before sunset as the Persian fleet approached Faliro they saw the reflection of the sun's rays on the shields of the Athenians who had returned and were waiting for them. They reversed and withdrew ending the campaign.
It is still morning, around 09:00. A messenger takes off running with his weapons and in a few hours arrives in Athens. Exhausted, he announces the joyful news "Nenikikamen" and collapses. In memory of this event, the Marathon road was established and included in the Olympic events.
The Persians have now boarded their ships and are sailing south. After approaching the islet of Aegileii again, they pick up the captured Eretrians and leave to catch Athens unprotected. Miltiades realizes the maneuver.
He leaves behind the most tired, the fighters in the center, the men of Themistocles and Aristides to take care of the dead, to treat the wounded and to guard the loot. The rest with a quick step start to return. In the afternoon just before sunset as the Persian fleet approached Faliro they saw the reflection of the sun's rays on the shields of the Athenians who had returned and were waiting for them. They reversed and withdrew ending the campaign.
Picilli Loggia
The epilogue:
The Greeks of Themistocles and Aristides, after burning their dead, buried their bones near the battlefield by tribe. Nearby, (in Vrana) the Plataeans were also buried. Simonides the Keios (556-468 BC) wrote on a votive plaque the epigram, "Athenians defending the Greeks Marathon gold-bearing Medes destroyed". The Athenians in the first line of the marathon, fighting in favor of the Greeks, crushed the power of the gold-clad Medes.
[A mound 9 meters high and 50 meters in diameter was created at the site, probably by Herod the Atticus (103-179 AD). In his mansion was found the inscribed stele with the names of the fallen of the Erechtheid clan as well as fragments of other stele] G. Spyropoulos. Proceedings of the conference "The importance of the battle of Marathon for civilization", October 7-10, 2010 Kalamata.
Trophies of battle seven Persian ships and a host of other spoils, which the vanquished left on the field of battle. The Athenians dedicated part of this treasure to the oracle of Delphi.
The day after the battle, 2,000 armored Spartans arrived in Athens, walking for 3 days for 14 hours each day. They asked for and received permission and visited the battlefield where they expressed their admiration for the outcome.
Perhaps the most important battle of ancient Hellenism. This victory defined the future of Greece and the West until today as it has been universally accepted. Aeschylus the Athenian tragic whose brother was killed in this battle, was proud of his participation. He considered it the most important event in his life - superior even to the Oresteia and his Persians - and wrote the following epigram on his tomb:
"Aeschylus, Euphorion, Athenian, then burn the memory of the fiery-bearing Laughter, and of the Eudokimon Marathon, if you say and deepen, Medes trusting." The son of Euphorion, the Athenian Aeschylus, is buried dead in this tomb of fertile Laughter, let the Marathon grove and the long-haired Medes who knew her well speak of his prowess.
This is where the story and the poem end.
Whether natural or artificial, glare not only limits the field of vision but also blurs the remaining visible arc. A little eyewash would be helpful. So let's try to put some drops.
The epilogue:
The Greeks of Themistocles and Aristides, after burning their dead, buried their bones near the battlefield by tribe. Nearby, (in Vrana) the Plataeans were also buried. Simonides the Keios (556-468 BC) wrote on a votive plaque the epigram, "Athenians defending the Greeks Marathon gold-bearing Medes destroyed". The Athenians in the first line of the marathon, fighting in favor of the Greeks, crushed the power of the gold-clad Medes.
[A mound 9 meters high and 50 meters in diameter was created at the site, probably by Herod the Atticus (103-179 AD). In his mansion was found the inscribed stele with the names of the fallen of the Erechtheid clan as well as fragments of other stele] G. Spyropoulos. Proceedings of the conference "The importance of the battle of Marathon for civilization", October 7-10, 2010 Kalamata.
Trophies of battle seven Persian ships and a host of other spoils, which the vanquished left on the field of battle. The Athenians dedicated part of this treasure to the oracle of Delphi.
The day after the battle, 2,000 armored Spartans arrived in Athens, walking for 3 days for 14 hours each day. They asked for and received permission and visited the battlefield where they expressed their admiration for the outcome.
Perhaps the most important battle of ancient Hellenism. This victory defined the future of Greece and the West until today as it has been universally accepted. Aeschylus the Athenian tragic whose brother was killed in this battle, was proud of his participation. He considered it the most important event in his life - superior even to the Oresteia and his Persians - and wrote the following epigram on his tomb:
"Aeschylus, Euphorion, Athenian, then burn the memory of the fiery-bearing Laughter, and of the Eudokimon Marathon, if you say and deepen, Medes trusting." The son of Euphorion, the Athenian Aeschylus, is buried dead in this tomb of fertile Laughter, let the Marathon grove and the long-haired Medes who knew her well speak of his prowess.
This is where the story and the poem end.
Whether natural or artificial, glare not only limits the field of vision but also blurs the remaining visible arc. A little eyewash would be helpful. So let's try to put some drops.
Shall we ponder a bit?
Persian army about 100,000, in battle formation 1600 m x 30 men = 48,000
Greek army 11,000, in battle array 11,000.
Huge capacity difference. For every one Greek more than four Persians. Perhaps a small percentage of the Greeks successfully faced all four Persians assigned to them. An even smaller one, maybe more than four. But wouldn't the other Persian quartets, after exterminating the one Greek assigned to them, turn to the rest? What would happen then? Fours would become octets, octets sixteens, and so on. Of course they would exterminate the last Greek.
Instead, however, the supernatural happened. 192 Dead Athenians, 11 Plataeans and listen! 6,400 Persians. But is it not thought that for this to happen the Persians would have to fight lying down? But even then they would have less casualties.
But the most unheard of all is not the number of dead, but the correlation and proportionality. Of the fighting Persians, it took 235 to kill a Greek, while every 1.7 Greeks killed a Persian. What did you say;
The Greeks always, when faced with numerous opponents, naturally chose to face them in a narrow space, so that the enemy could not attack in full deployment. But why did they not choose the Pallini pass here, but decided and faced them in the open plain? Strange things, strange battle.
Pheidippides, as Herodotus tells us, on the way to Sparta, passing by Mount Parthenio in Tegea, met Pana. He called him by his name and complained that the Athenians do not give him due importance, despite the fact that he is favorably disposed towards them, he has helped them many times in the past and will do the same in the future. He, finding himself in a difficult position due to the impending battle, replied that they would now honor him.
After this the god Panas rallied the Athenians to battle, sowing panic in the ranks of the enemy. For this reason, after the battle, the Athenians founded a sanctuary in his honor, under the Acropolis. In fact, an epigram attributed to Simonides of Keios is preserved: "They eat him with Panas, Arcadas, against the Medes, with the Athenians, standing Miltiades." the Medes, Miltiades set up this vow).
Herodotus (484-425 BC) describes an incident of the battle. "Epizilus of Kuphagoras, a soldier of the Antiochian tribe, while fighting hand to hand in the center, saw a large man whose beard covered the entire shield. He appeared as a ghost, and spreading death among the Persians with a bright weapon, he reached the center of the retreating Greeks. Passing by him, the excessive brightness blinded him and since then Epizilos remained blind even though nothing had touched him, neither spear nor sword nor bow arrow, while by the same brightness his neighbor was killed.
This weapon did not shoot lightning or breathe fire. It was a light weapon, it killed with rays. This description seems to identify a weapon from the future. A laser weapon, say. Sort of like Nikola Tesla's death ray. You say?
Pausanias (180-120 AD) in Attika 1.32.5 confirms: "it happened, as they say, that a man in battle pretends to be a field and an agriculturist; this one of the barbarians, having slain many with a plow after the work, was invisible, but the Athenians were in love otherwise, God used him for nothing, but they honor Echetlaion as a chosen hero". They saw in the battle an unknown man with a rural appearance and clothing. He held a plow in his hand and with it he killed many barbarians. After the battle, no one saw him again. The Athenians turned to the oracle of Delphi and received the answer, Honor Achetlaion as a hero. (Echetli=plough handle). In his honor the Athenians erected a white marble monument.
Persian army about 100,000, in battle formation 1600 m x 30 men = 48,000
Greek army 11,000, in battle array 11,000.
Huge capacity difference. For every one Greek more than four Persians. Perhaps a small percentage of the Greeks successfully faced all four Persians assigned to them. An even smaller one, maybe more than four. But wouldn't the other Persian quartets, after exterminating the one Greek assigned to them, turn to the rest? What would happen then? Fours would become octets, octets sixteens, and so on. Of course they would exterminate the last Greek.
Instead, however, the supernatural happened. 192 Dead Athenians, 11 Plataeans and listen! 6,400 Persians. But is it not thought that for this to happen the Persians would have to fight lying down? But even then they would have less casualties.
But the most unheard of all is not the number of dead, but the correlation and proportionality. Of the fighting Persians, it took 235 to kill a Greek, while every 1.7 Greeks killed a Persian. What did you say;
The Greeks always, when faced with numerous opponents, naturally chose to face them in a narrow space, so that the enemy could not attack in full deployment. But why did they not choose the Pallini pass here, but decided and faced them in the open plain? Strange things, strange battle.
Pheidippides, as Herodotus tells us, on the way to Sparta, passing by Mount Parthenio in Tegea, met Pana. He called him by his name and complained that the Athenians do not give him due importance, despite the fact that he is favorably disposed towards them, he has helped them many times in the past and will do the same in the future. He, finding himself in a difficult position due to the impending battle, replied that they would now honor him.
After this the god Panas rallied the Athenians to battle, sowing panic in the ranks of the enemy. For this reason, after the battle, the Athenians founded a sanctuary in his honor, under the Acropolis. In fact, an epigram attributed to Simonides of Keios is preserved: "They eat him with Panas, Arcadas, against the Medes, with the Athenians, standing Miltiades." the Medes, Miltiades set up this vow).
Herodotus (484-425 BC) describes an incident of the battle. "Epizilus of Kuphagoras, a soldier of the Antiochian tribe, while fighting hand to hand in the center, saw a large man whose beard covered the entire shield. He appeared as a ghost, and spreading death among the Persians with a bright weapon, he reached the center of the retreating Greeks. Passing by him, the excessive brightness blinded him and since then Epizilos remained blind even though nothing had touched him, neither spear nor sword nor bow arrow, while by the same brightness his neighbor was killed.
This weapon did not shoot lightning or breathe fire. It was a light weapon, it killed with rays. This description seems to identify a weapon from the future. A laser weapon, say. Sort of like Nikola Tesla's death ray. You say?
Pausanias (180-120 AD) in Attika 1.32.5 confirms: "it happened, as they say, that a man in battle pretends to be a field and an agriculturist; this one of the barbarians, having slain many with a plow after the work, was invisible, but the Athenians were in love otherwise, God used him for nothing, but they honor Echetlaion as a chosen hero". They saw in the battle an unknown man with a rural appearance and clothing. He held a plow in his hand and with it he killed many barbarians. After the battle, no one saw him again. The Athenians turned to the oracle of Delphi and received the answer, Honor Achetlaion as a hero. (Echetli=plough handle). In his honor the Athenians erected a white marble monument.
A. Pournaropoulos researched the Hesiodian plow. He found it in a representation on an ancient vase, dated to 460-450 BC. How close to a modern weapon is its shape!
How does the myth of Ehetleios differ from the myth of the other participants in this battle of gods and heroes? But in the light. How could the man of the beginning of the 5th BC century to imagine that light kills? He knows that fire, fire does it. He knows about the lightning, he knows about the fire, he has seen them himself and heard related stories. He knows many deadly instruments and tools, but the light?
In order to create, the human imagination goes back to the unconscious, from which it draws images. In other words, Epizilos should have either seen this weapon somewhere in the past, or someone else who had seen it or heard about it, had spoken to him. Without any of these, the brain would not be able to create the image in its mind and describe it. So if we accept that at that time there was no such weapon, then we must also accept that the man, now blind, is recounting real images of the battle.
According to Pausanias (Attica), to explain the paradox of victory, several of the Athenian warriors claimed to have seen heroes and gods fighting at their side. Theseus appeared from the earth and marched forward against the barbarians. The demigod Hercules joined in with his terrible club. Artemis with her bow. Panas with the Panisks. Hecate. Armored Athena drove a triple chariot, protecting her city.
A certain Athenian had with him a huge wild dog which with its teeth participated in the battle against the Persians. For his participation, he won a place in the depiction of the actors of the battle by the painters Mykonos and Panainus, together with Cynaigerus (brother of Aeschylus), Epizilus, the warlord Callimachus, the general Miltiades, gods and heroes. Together with them, the unknown hero Ehetleios was depicted, who had a decisive participation in the victory. This painting, which was created in 460 B.C. saw Pausanias, when 700 years after the battle he visited the Various Stoa in Athens.
How does the myth of Ehetleios differ from the myth of the other participants in this battle of gods and heroes? But in the light. How could the man of the beginning of the 5th BC century to imagine that light kills? He knows that fire, fire does it. He knows about the lightning, he knows about the fire, he has seen them himself and heard related stories. He knows many deadly instruments and tools, but the light?
In order to create, the human imagination goes back to the unconscious, from which it draws images. In other words, Epizilos should have either seen this weapon somewhere in the past, or someone else who had seen it or heard about it, had spoken to him. Without any of these, the brain would not be able to create the image in its mind and describe it. So if we accept that at that time there was no such weapon, then we must also accept that the man, now blind, is recounting real images of the battle.
According to Pausanias (Attica), to explain the paradox of victory, several of the Athenian warriors claimed to have seen heroes and gods fighting at their side. Theseus appeared from the earth and marched forward against the barbarians. The demigod Hercules joined in with his terrible club. Artemis with her bow. Panas with the Panisks. Hecate. Armored Athena drove a triple chariot, protecting her city.
A certain Athenian had with him a huge wild dog which with its teeth participated in the battle against the Persians. For his participation, he won a place in the depiction of the actors of the battle by the painters Mykonos and Panainus, together with Cynaigerus (brother of Aeschylus), Epizilus, the warlord Callimachus, the general Miltiades, gods and heroes. Together with them, the unknown hero Ehetleios was depicted, who had a decisive participation in the victory. This painting, which was created in 460 B.C. saw Pausanias, when 700 years after the battle he visited the Various Stoa in Athens.
Picture of the battle at Picilli Loggia.
Herodotus relates that, sometime towards the end of the battle, a flash appeared from the top of Penteli. A shield was erected in such a way that it directed the sun's rays onto the battlefield. Was it the retreat signal for the Persians to board the ships and head for Faliro? "Indeed this was done, but who raised the shield, I cannot say more"!
Why is Herodotus silent? Let's remember what he says in the book of Euterpis 65. "... but if I said for what reason divine things, which I avoid commenting too much on. And what I have said about them, average ends, the need made me and I said them ".
What was it that he shouldn't or didn't want to say?
The actual date of the battle:
[The Athenians as soon as they learned of the landing of the Persians at Marathon, sent Pheidippides to Sparta to ask for help, who arrived running in two days. The Spartans accepted the request but could not march before the full moon which was in 6 days. Actually, they started the day after the full moon. They covered the distance in three days and reached Athens the day after the Battle. The prohibition in Sparta to launch a campaign was valid only during the feast of Carnia, the synonymous month of their calendar.
Research by a team of University of Texas professors, led by Professor Don Olson, indicates that:
In the summer of 490 BC the Spartans' month Carneios corresponded to the Athenians' month Hecatombaion. To find the exact date of the battle of Marathon, it would be necessary to calculate when the full moon fell, in the middle of the eleventh month of the Spartan calendar. A rudimentary calculation shows that this full moon was on August 10.] more about the date at www.tovima.gr/science/article/?aid=160921
The Spartans arrived 3 days after the full moon in Athens and the battle had taken place the day before, that is on August 12, 490 BC.
All these, facts and myths, travel to this day in the seas of parapsychology and metaphysics. The incomprehensible leads the human mind to fatigue and in order to get rid of it, it either rejects it as a fairy tale, or hides it in the bag of tomorrow. Like sweeping the trash under the rug. But even though he no longer sees them, the trash is still there hidden.
"Many have been talking lately about Ehetleios or Ehetlos, characterizing the time traveler who arrived from the future and shaped the outcome of the battle. You say?
Pythagoras. "Don't always tell them explicitly." Not everything is told to everyone.
Herodotus relates that, sometime towards the end of the battle, a flash appeared from the top of Penteli. A shield was erected in such a way that it directed the sun's rays onto the battlefield. Was it the retreat signal for the Persians to board the ships and head for Faliro? "Indeed this was done, but who raised the shield, I cannot say more"!
Why is Herodotus silent? Let's remember what he says in the book of Euterpis 65. "... but if I said for what reason divine things, which I avoid commenting too much on. And what I have said about them, average ends, the need made me and I said them ".
What was it that he shouldn't or didn't want to say?
The actual date of the battle:
[The Athenians as soon as they learned of the landing of the Persians at Marathon, sent Pheidippides to Sparta to ask for help, who arrived running in two days. The Spartans accepted the request but could not march before the full moon which was in 6 days. Actually, they started the day after the full moon. They covered the distance in three days and reached Athens the day after the Battle. The prohibition in Sparta to launch a campaign was valid only during the feast of Carnia, the synonymous month of their calendar.
Research by a team of University of Texas professors, led by Professor Don Olson, indicates that:
In the summer of 490 BC the Spartans' month Carneios corresponded to the Athenians' month Hecatombaion. To find the exact date of the battle of Marathon, it would be necessary to calculate when the full moon fell, in the middle of the eleventh month of the Spartan calendar. A rudimentary calculation shows that this full moon was on August 10.] more about the date at www.tovima.gr/science/article/?aid=160921
The Spartans arrived 3 days after the full moon in Athens and the battle had taken place the day before, that is on August 12, 490 BC.
All these, facts and myths, travel to this day in the seas of parapsychology and metaphysics. The incomprehensible leads the human mind to fatigue and in order to get rid of it, it either rejects it as a fairy tale, or hides it in the bag of tomorrow. Like sweeping the trash under the rug. But even though he no longer sees them, the trash is still there hidden.
"Many have been talking lately about Ehetleios or Ehetlos, characterizing the time traveler who arrived from the future and shaped the outcome of the battle. You say?
Pythagoras. "Don't always tell them explicitly." Not everything is told to everyone.
Echetlos at Picilli Loggia could this soldier be Echetlos?
Whatever happened, we Greeks have the right to swell with pride. However the battle was fought, even if a thousand gods helped and even if so many other time travelers used mythralias, bazookas or grenades, even then, alone stood the defenders of civilization in the valley of Avlon and looked into the eyes of the myriads, the superpower, the great King who had not learned to lose. They looked at them haughtily and persistently, so that they instilled doubt in their souls and thoughts.
So be ready, if and when the time comes for the groves of Marathon and the long-haired Medes to speak for us.
Always: Go on Greek boys!
ETHAIOS
Whatever happened, we Greeks have the right to swell with pride. However the battle was fought, even if a thousand gods helped and even if so many other time travelers used mythralias, bazookas or grenades, even then, alone stood the defenders of civilization in the valley of Avlon and looked into the eyes of the myriads, the superpower, the great King who had not learned to lose. They looked at them haughtily and persistently, so that they instilled doubt in their souls and thoughts.
So be ready, if and when the time comes for the groves of Marathon and the long-haired Medes to speak for us.
Always: Go on Greek boys!
ETHAIOS